Heathers represent one of the most versatile components in Pacific Northwest gardens. Not only are they well adapted to the climate and soil but they can also provide color in every season of the year.
The term “heather” is often used to refer to several different plant types including true heathers (genus: Calluna), heaths (genus: Erica), Irish heaths (genus: Daboecia) and mountainheaths (genus: Phyllodoce). Heaths are typically lower growing and more compact than true heathers.
They also spread outwards at a faster rate. Some heaths, however, can grow up to 10 to 20 feet high; these species, often called “tree heaths” due to their spectacular size, include Erica arborea, Erica lusitanica, Erica australis and Erica terminalis.
Heathers (including all of the above plant types) flourish in cool, moist conditions and in soils which are slightly acidic. As a result, they are good companions to azaleas and rhododendrons which also thrive in acidic soils.
Heathers grow best in peaty, acid soils but will tolerate all soils except those with high lime content. Heathers generally like full sun (at least six hours of sun each day); however, Irish heaths tolerate part shade and are well suited to garden areas that transition between sun and shade.
In the ground
The best planting times are March through May and then late September through late November. Young plants should be planted with the foliage almost touching the soil surface. Space plants 12-18 inches apart to allow for growth. Draw back mulch from the main stem.
Plant heathers in informal groups without straight lines. Bold plantings of three or more of a single cultivar give a good overall effect, but single plants, when chosen to contrast or complement surrounding plants, can look attractive in a small garden.
Watering is essential during spring and throughout dry spells, especially in the first year after planting. Staking or support is not required for these plants with the exception of tree heaths.
Propagation of heathers can be achieved by tip cuttings or “layering,” a process accomplished by bending a low-growing, flexible stem to the ground, covering part of it with soil and allowing the buried stem to grow roots.
Because heathers have different growth behaviors and bloom times, be sure you know the characteristics of a particular cultivar before buying it. (See sidebar for suggested cultivars.)
Heathers are low-maintenance and deer-resistant. For easy-care year-round color, add some heathers to your garden!
Bob Cain was a much loved and respected Clallam County Master Gardener who passed away recently. He had an immeasurable positive impact with countless gardeners and will be greatly missed.
Heather options
To provide color for all seasons, consider planting the following heathers in your garden:
Name Flower / color / Bloom time
Erica x darleyensis ‘Kramer’s Rote’ magenta January to April
Erica carnea ‘Schneekuppe’ white January to March
Calluna vulgaris ‘Spring Cream’ creamy white June to September
Calluna vulgaris ‘County Wicklow’ pink July to September
Calluna vulgaris ‘Corbett’s Red’ deep red August to October
Calluna vulgaris ‘Golden Elena’ pink flowers with golden/bronze leaves August to December
Daboecia cantabrica ‘Purple Bell’ purple June to October
Phyllodoce aleutica green-yellow globe April to June
